TR4.1541 “Ănd thís ŏn évery̆ gód cĕléstĭál

TR4.1542 Ĭ swére ĭt yów, ănd ék ŏn éch gŏddéssĕ,
TR4.1543 Ŏn évery̆ nýmphe ănd déĭte ínfĕrnál,
TR4.1544 Ŏn sátĭrý ănd fáwny̆ móre ănd léssĕ,
TR4.1545 Thăt hálvĕ góddĕs bén ŏf wíldĕrnéssĕ;
TR4.1546 Ănd Áttrŏpós my̆ thréd ŏf líf tŏbréstĕ
TR4.1547 Ĭf Í bĕ fáls! Nŏw trówĕ me íf yŏw léstĕ!

Line Information

• Differences among the manuscripts and editions:
• English translation (Windeatt: 1998) (Windeatt: 1998): And I swear this to you on every celestial god, and on each goddess too, on every nymph and deity of the infernal regions, on satyrs and fauns, greater and less, that are demigods of the wilderness. And may Atropos break my life’s thread in two if I be false! Now believe me if you will!
• Japanese translation (Sasamoto: 2012) (Sasamoto: 2012): これを天上のすべての神々にかけて、貴方に誓います、そしてそれぞれの女神にも、すべての妖精と地獄の神にも、荒野の半神たちである大小のサテュロスとファウヌスにかけても、誓います。もしわたしが偽れば、女神アトロポスが命の糸を真二つに断ち切らんことを！さあどうかわたしを信じてください。
• Chinese translation (Fang: 1956) (Fang: 1956): 这句话我可向你发誓，有的是天上男女神祇，地下魔王，山林水泽的大小仙子人羊，他们原是荒郊的半神，每一个都可为我作证，我若背盟，愿阿特洛波司剪断我的命线！你还能不相信我吗！

Word Information

• Etymology: OF
• Addresser: Criseyde
• Addressee: Troilus
• Adjectives with which juxtaposed: N/A
• Counterpart in its source (Fil): 4.146
• Noun(s) (NPs) modified: supernatural beings (god)
• Attributive/ Predicative: predicative

Information in Previous Studies

• OED: Not quoted
• MED: (Quoted) 2. Belonging to the Christian or pagan heaven; heavenly or divine in nature; unearthly, celestial. (s.v. celestiāl, adj.)

• Commented in other previous works:
• Windeatt (2003: 261): celestial: of heaven
• Fisher (1989): N/A
• Benson (1987): N/A
• Davis et al. (1979): Not quoted
• Donaldson (1975): N/A
• Baugh (1963): N/A

Possible Definitions

heavenly or divine in nature

Comments from the Editor

In Fil.4.146, Criseida only swears on the shafts of Love, Criseyde, however, in the quotation above, she mentions several gods and claims that she would rather die than to break her vows.

Atropos is the Fate who cuts the thread of life.