hard adj.

  hard
TR4.904 “Grévŏus tŏ mé, Gŏd wóot, ĭs fór tŏ twýnnĕ,”
TR4.905 Quŏd shé, “bŭt yét ĭt hárdĕr ís tŏ mé
TR4.906 Tŏ sén thăt sórwĕ whích thăt hé ĭs ínnĕ;
TR4.907 Fŏr wél Ĭ wóot ĭt wól my̆ bánĕ bé,
TR4.908 Ănd déye Ĭ wól ĭn cértĕyn,” thó quŏd shé;
TR4.909 “Bŭt bíd hy̆m cóme, ĕr déth, thăt thús mĕ thrétĕth,
TR4.910 Drýve ŏut thăt góost whĭch ín my̆n hértĕ bétĕth.”

Line Information

  • Differences among the manuscripts and editions:
  • English translations (Windeatt: 1998): God knows, it grieves me terribly to part,’ said she, ‘but it’s harder still for me to see the sorrow that he’s in, for I know very well that it’ll be the death of me, and I’ll die for certain,’ she then said. ‘But tell him to come before death, that threatens me like this, drives out the spirit beating in my heart.’
  • Japanese translations (Sasamoto: 2012): 誓って、わたしにとってお別れすることは悲しいものです。だけどあのお方が抱いておられるその悲しみを目にするのはわたしにはもっと辛ろうございます。だってよくわかるのですもの、それがわたしの破壊の印となり、きっとわたしは死んでしまうだろうってことが。」続けて言った。「でもお越しくださるよう仰ってください。このように脅かす死が、わたしの胸のなかでこつこつ打っている霊魂を追い出さないうちに。」
  • Chinese translations (Fang: 1956): 上天知道,我何忍离去,而见他如此,使我更难自处;我知道我的末日已到,再无生路了;你叫他来吧,“她道,”否则在我心中飘忽着的灵魄就要被死亡追逐出去了。“

Word Information

  • Etymology: OE
  • Addresser: Criseyde
  • Addressee: Pandarus
  • Adjectives with which juxtaposed: N/A
  • Counterpart in its source (Fil): 4.105
  • Noun(s) (NPs) modified: Others
  • Attributive/ Predicative: predicative

Information in Previous Studies

  • OED: Not quoted
  • MED: Not quoted
  • Commented in other previous works:
  • Windeatt (2003): N/A
  • Fisher (1989): N/A
  • Benson (1987): N/A
  • Davis et al. (1979): Not quoted
  • Donaldson (1975): N/A
  • Baugh (1963): N/A

Possible Definitions

not easy, difficult; painful; severe

Comments from the Editor

See my comment of ‘grevous’ (adj., Tr4.904).